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We learn from history (books) that a very extreme dearth and barrenness occurred to the land during caliphate of Umar, in the Ramadah273 Year, Ka’b didn’t miss this chance without exploiting it as a means for directing to Islam one of his fierce stab...

We learn from history (books) that a very extreme ...

When the Muhammadan Da’wah (invitation) got so much valour and prowess, becoming much strong, with smash of all the powers and forces combating it, those opposing and restraining it found no choice but to hatch plans and conspire against it through t...

When the Muhammadan Da’wah (invitation) got so muc...

Hammad ibn Zayd is reported to have said: The Zanadiqah (atheists) have fabricated twelve thousand traditions, ascribing them to the Messenger of Allah (S). Al-Mahdi said: One of the Zanadiqah has confessed before me that he composed four hundred tra...

Hammad ibn Zayd is reported to have said: The Zana...

In another chapter, Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Urwah al-Hanbali is reported to have said: “If the heart be pure, clean and sanctified, it will be able to discern between right and falsehood, truth and lie, and guidance and misguidance, especially when bein...

In another chapter, Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Urwah al-...

Al-Imam Shams al-Din ibn al-Qayyim was asked once: Is it possible to recognize the fabricated hadith through a regulation without looking into its sanad (chain of transmission)? He replied. This is truly a very important question. This (fabricated) h...

Al-Imam Shams al-Din ibn al-Qayyim was asked once:...

The investigators have stated generalities through which recognizing which hadith being fabricated becomes feasible: Its contradiction to the Qur’an and authentic successive Sunnah or decisive unanimity or determined rules of the Shari’ah, or to the ...

The investigators have stated generalities through...

Sometimes the narrator may compose some addition to the hadith indeliberately, which was to the hadith indeliberately, which was considered by traditionists as inclusion (idraj). The mudraj tradition was a term used for a hadith having an addition th...

Sometimes the narrator may compose some addition t...

Fabrication of hadith against the Messenger of Allah was not confined only to enemies of Din and capricious people – as we stated before – but some of the righteous among Muslims used to do so thinking it to be a merit bringing them nearer to Allah, ...

Fabrication of hadith against the Messenger of All...

It was not for fabricators of hadith to let alone their science without supporting it with evidences permitting and justifying whatever they used to compose. Al-Tahawi, in al-Mushkil, reported a hadith from Abu Hurayrah, that the Prophet said: Whenev...

It was not for fabricators of hadith to let alone ...

There is unanimity among all researchers and investigating scholars that invention in riwayah and composition of hadith with ascribing it to the Messenger of Allah (upon whom be God’s peace and benediction) started during the days of the caliphate of...

There is unanimity among all researchers and inves...

Many defects were there for narrating hadith after being forbidden by the Messenger of Allah (S), among which its being not narrated at the time of hearing it, the fact necessitating the narrators to report (hadith) according to the meaning. The othe...

Many defects were there for narrating hadith after...

Ibn Mahdi is reported to have said: “Whenever narrating any hadith about halal (lawful) and haram (unlawful) rules, we would be very strict in the asanid (chains of transmission) with scrutinizing the rijal. And when relating anything on virtues, rew...

Ibn Mahdi is reported to have said: “Whenever narr...

Furthermore, the narrators found no trouble in misplacing the hadith words, bring some forwards and some backwards. Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah is reported to have said: Hafs related to us on the authority of Ash’ath, as saying that al-Hasan and al-Shi’...

Furthermore, the narrators found no trouble in mis...

The narrators were not satisfied with narrating the hadith according to meaning, but allowed themselves to cite hadith in a perverted way, finding no harm then in correcting its solecism and rectifying its error. The Moroccan scholar Ibn Abd al-Barr,...

The narrators were not satisfied with narrating th...

These were some of their sayings in regard of the detriment of reporting hadith through meaning, concerning the religious affairs. Whereas the linguistic and rhetoric detriment is elucidated through brief statement by the eminent Islamic litterateur ...

These were some of their sayings in regard of the ...

Those having no expertise in knowledge and no awareness of expertise, surmise that the Messenger’s traditions which they read in books or hear from narrators, have all reached us correct in syntax and well-arranged in wording, and that their original...

Those having no expertise in knowledge and no awar...

Al-Sam’ani is reported to have said: Whoever falsifies even one report (khabar), attributing it to the Messenger of Allah (upon whom be God’s peace and benediction), all the hadiths narrated by him should be rejected,93 and disregarded. It is reporte...

Al-Sam’ani is reported to have said: Whoever falsi...

While lies were fabricated against the Prophet during his lifetime, it is to be observed that lies were multiplied and spread after his demise, with numerous Companions being there, and religion rendered vulnerable, and subject to people’s falsificat...

While lies were fabricated against the Prophet dur...

It might be that the Prophet (S) has warned against falsity against him after hearing that some people were fabricating lies against him though he being alive. In his book al-Ihkam fi usul al-ahkam,89 Ibn Hazm al-Zahiri reported from Abd Allah ibn Bu...

It might be that the Prophet (S) has warned agains...

It is commonly agreed among all that lying is the worst of abominations, and no trait can ever be possessed by man worse than calumny, beside no group malady is there more problematic and incurable than slander. Despite the fact that lying among indi...

It is commonly agreed among all that lying is the ...

The Rightly-guided Caliphs and great Companions particularly those giving legal verdicts – as is known before – used to evade and fear narrating hadith from the Prophet. Rather in fact they were turning away from this act, since they were aware of th...

The Rightly-guided Caliphs and great Companions pa...